AOAC Appendix B_Laboratory Safety
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4628EEB6E1DF478187D8021E43BEEC04 |
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文件大小(MB)： |
0.06 |
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页数： |
8 |
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日期： |
2013-4-11 |
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文本摘录（文本识别可能有误，但文件阅览显示及打印正常，pdf文件可进行文字搜索定位）：
Appendix B: Laboratory Safety,Argentina G. Vindiola, Chapter Editor,Office of the Texas State Chemist,Introduction,AOAC OFFICIAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (1995),This chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive treatise on laboratory,safety. These precautionary notes serve only as a reminder of,possible hazards involved in the use of particular operations or substances.,Refer to recommended texts at end of chapter for fuller,treatment of subject. Follow safety requirements of those in the,country, region, or jurisdiction within which your organization is situated.,Consult guidelines issued by professional associations and,government agencies.,Cautionary Statements,Nature and amount of each chemical and its prescribed use were,criteria used in determining if cautionary statement for method was,indicated. Safety hazard was considered to exist when nature,amount, and use of chemical or equipment specified in method appeared,likely to produce any of the following:,(a) Concentration of vapors from flammable liquid exceeding,25% of lower flammability limit of that liquid described by National,Fire Protection Association, Boston, MA, USA.,(b) Contact between analyst and amounts of material highly active,physiologically or toxic to humans in excess of Threshold Limit,Values published by American Conference of Governmental Industrial,Hygienists, PO Box 1937, Cincinnati, OH 45201, USA.,(c) Contact between analyst and amounts of highly corrosive material,sufficient to produce serious injury.,(d) Contact between analyst and radiations which could be harmful.,(e) Explosion or violent reaction.,(f) Injury to analyst by hazards in equipment or processes which,are not readily detectable by analyst.,When in doubt about possible hazards not covered in this chapter,consult references at end of chapter or other sources of information,such as hazard warnings on labels and manufacturers’,data sheets.,Potential Hazards of Equipment,Refrigerators,Refrigerators should be explosion-proof or explosion-resistant,when used for storage of ether and other highly volatile, flammable,liquids. Ordinary refrigerators can be made explosion resistant by,removal of light switch, receptacle, and associated wiring, and by,placing thermoregulation controls outside of refrigerator.,Glass,Dispose of chipped or broken glassware in special containers; minor,chips may be fire-polished and glassware retained. If glassware,is to be repaired, mark defective area plainly and store in special location,until repairs are completed.,Use heat-resistant glassware for preparation of solutions that generate,heat (e.g., not bottles or graduated cylinders).,Fire Extinguishers,Class B and C dry chemical fire extinguishers (for flammable liquid,and electric fires) should be conveniently available to each laboratory,room. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be used on,fires in electronic equipment.,Become familiar with the location of all fire extinguishers and the,appropriate methods for their effective use.,Blenders,Motor on high-speed blenders used to mix flammable solvent,with other materials should be explosion-proof. Blend toxic or flammable,liquids in effective fume-removal device.,Centrifuges,Adjust all tubes to equal weight before loading them into centrifuge.,Make certain that stoppers of tubes placed in pivot-type,head will clear center when tubes swing to horizontal. Do not,open centrifuge cover until machine stops completely. Before removing,tubes, turn electric switch to “off.’’ Do not rely on,zero-set rheostat. Use only tubes specially designed for centrifuging.,Do not exceed safe speed for various tube materials (glass,cellulose nitrate, polyethylene, etc.) recommended by tube manufacturer.,Cellulose nitrate tubes may explode if autoclaved.,Heating cellulose nitrate tubes to 60°C may cause them to produce,harmful nitrogen oxide fumes.,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer,Follow all manufacturer’s instructions for installation, operation,safety, and maintenance. Use only hose/tubing to conduct,gases that are approved by manufacturer and supplier. Use effective,fume removal device to remove gaseous effluents from,burner. Use only C2H2 which is dissolved in solvent recommended,by manufacturer. Open C2H2 tank stem valve only a quarter,turn. Change tank when C2H2 pressure shows 75–100 lb. If,instrument has a drain trap, ensure that it is filled with H2O before,igniting burner. Following repair to C2H2 supply line, check for,gas tightness at all connections with soap solution or combustible,gas detection system. When aspirating solutions containing high,concentrations of Cu, Ag, or Hg, spray chamber should be,rinsed with 50–100……
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